Green Soil (Trichoderma harzianum G8) Bio-Fertilizer & Bio-Fungicide: Transforming a New Agriculture Technology in Pakistan's Agriculture
Green Soil (Trichoderma harzianum G8) are among the most commonly and widely used microbial biological control agents (MBCAs) in agriculture. They are presently marketed as bio-pesticides, biofertilizers, growth enhancers and stimulants of natural resistance. The efficacy of this fungus can be attributed to their ability to protect plants, enhance vegetative growth and contain pathogen populations under numerous agricultural conditions, as well as to act as soil amendments/inoculants for improvement of nutrient ability, decomposition and biodegradation. The living fungal spores (active substance) are incorporated in various formulations, both traditional and innovative, for applications as foliar sprays, pre-planting applications to seed or propagation material, post-pruning treatments, incorporation in the soil during seeding or transplant, watering by irrigation or applied as a root drench or dip.
Green Soil (Trichoderma harzianum G8) based preparations are used for crop protection of various plant pathogens or increase the plant growth and productivity in diverse cultivated environments such as fields, greenhouses, nurseries; in the production of a variety of horticultural, fruits, trees and ornamental crops. Generally, Trichoderma are applied to the seed or propagation material at the time of planting, then the secondary use is during plant development. On the whole, the target use is for the control of soilborne fungal pathogens such as Rhizoctonia, Pythium and Sclerotinia, and a few foliar pathogens such as Botrytis and Alternaria; whereas the minor use indication is for plant growth promotion.
The use of Green Soil (Trichoderma harzianum G8) based biological products has an important role in agricultural production, in light of changing worldwide perspectives by consumers.
Another positive effect to the plant from Green Soil (Trichoderma harzianum G8) applications has been the improvement of plant growth, development, and yield. In particular, this result has been noted in terms of root growth promotion, although significant increases have also been observed in aboveground vegetative growth such as stem length and thickness, leaf area, chlorophyll content and yield (size and/or number of flowers and/or fruits). Numerous hypothesis has been proposed to explain this observation including the improvement of chemical solubilisation, sequester, availability (i.e. siderophores production) and nutrient uptake by the plant, as well as the involvement of growth phytohormones from both plant and fungal origin. Not only do these processes improve plant growth, but they also stimulate plant respiration, thus enhancing photosynthesis or photosynthetic efficiency, as well as increasing the ability of the plant to withstand abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, high temperature.
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